生酮减肥的原理及危害 陈科 中南大学湘雅三医院

生酮减肥的原理及危害 陈科 中南大学湘雅三医院 生酮减肥的原理是通过进食高脂肪、高蛋白质、低碳水化合物的一种饮食方法，危害有尿频和便秘等。生酮饮食的碳水化合物总量要小于50克每天，迫使消耗脂肪来提供代谢能量达到减肥目的，脂肪总热量要占全天总热量75%以上。生酮减肥是现在比较流行的，但生酮减肥也有一定副作用。第一是尿频和便秘，当人体组织摄入太少的碳水化合物后，肾脏就开始排出过多的水分，排水过多就会导致尿频，肠道会缺水导致便秘。第二类是头晕无力、抽搐心悸，低碳水化合物饮食导致体内水分减少而导致很多重要的电解质如钠、钾、镁、钙等排出过多而导致头晕、乏力、抽搐、心悸的一些临床表现。第三个是口臭，因为酮体排出只能通过呼吸系统排出。第四种是脱发和腹泻，几乎所有改变饮食结构导致减肥的方法都会导致脱发，脱发原因有营养不良。大量脂质进入肠道后可以造成脂肪泻等，还有肾结石，在生酮饮食减肥的方法中发生率非常高，可能跟长期脱水结石产生几率增大有关。 Principle and harm of ketogenic diet The principle of ketogenic diet is to eat a diet with high fat, high protein and low carbohydrate, Hazards include frequent urination and constipation. The total amount of carbohydrates in a ketogenic diet is less than 50 grams per day, It forces the consumption of fat to provide metabolic energy for weight loss, The total calories of fat should account for more than 75% of the total calories of the whole day. Ketogenic diet is more popular now, But ketogenic diet also has some side effects. The first is frequent urination and constipation, When the body takes in too little carbohydrates, The kidneys begin to drain too much water, Too much drainage can lead to frequent urination, Lack of water in the gut leads to constipation. The second is dizziness, weakness, convulsion and palpitation, Low carbohydrate diet leads to the decrease of water content in the body, which leads to the discharge of many important electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, etc., which leads to some clinical manifestations of dizziness, fatigue, convulsion and palpitation. The third is halitosis, Because ketones can only be excreted through the respiratory system. The fourth is hair loss and diarrhea, Almost every way you change your diet and lose weight can lead to hair loss, The reason of hair loss is malnutrition. A large amount of lipid can cause fat diarrhea after entering the intestine, And kidney stones, The incidence of ketogenic diet is very high, It may be related to the increased probability of long-term dehydration stone.

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